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• Abell Cluster Images
• Expeditions
  • Expanding Universe
    • Beyond the Milky Way
    • Distances to Galaxies
      • Constellation Notebook
      • Constellations Notebook Help
      • From Constellation Notebook to SAS Spectra List
    • Hubble Diagram
      • A Simple Diagram
      • Estimating Distances to Galaxies
      • Redshifts
      • The Hubble Diagram
    • Quasars
      • Conclusion
      • Early Radio Astronomy
      • Research Using Quasar Data
      • SDSS Quasars
      • Strange Objects in the Sky
      • The Power Source of Quasars
      • VLA FIRST Radio Survey
      • What are Quasars?
    • Redshift/Magnitude Relationship
    • The Universe: Your Cosmic Address
      • Distances
      • How Do We Know
      • Magnitudes and Distances
      • Making the Diagram
      • Redshifts
      • Research Challenges
      • The Big Bang
      • The Expanding Universe
      • The Hubble Diagram and the Expanding Universe
      • The Hubble Diagram with More Galaxies
      • The Universe: How Big Is it?
  • Expedition to Galaxies
    • Galaxy Color
      • Galaxy Color - Design and Conduct Your Own Investigation
    • Galaxy Properties
      • Characteristics of Galaxies
      • Classifying Galaxies
      • Conclusion
      • Galaxy Clusters
      • Galaxy Collisions
      • Galaxy Spectra
      • Separating Elliptical and Spiral Galaxies
      • The Hubble Tuning Fork
    • Sky Surveys
      • 2MASS and SDSS Images
      • Conclusion
      • Finding Supernovae
      • Finding Supernovae
      • Other Parts of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
      • The Palomar Sky Survey
      • The X-ray Sky
  • Expedition to the Milky Way
    • Colors of Stars
      • Are Stars Thermal Sources?
      • Color and Temperature
      • Color-Color Diagrams
      • Colors of Stars in the SDSS
      • Conclusion
      • Light from Stars
      • Observed Spectra
      • The Definition of Color in Astronomy
      • What is Color?
    • Spectral Types
      • Absorption and Emission Lines
      • Classifying Stars
      • Energy Levels of Electrons
      • Follow Up Projects
      • Identifying the Spectral Types of Stars
      • Other Spectral Types
    • Star Clusters
      • Distance Modulus
      • HR Diagrams
        • SQL for CMDs
        • TOPCAT for CMDs
      • Isochrone Fitting
    • The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
      • A More Complete H-R Diagram
      • A Simple H-R Diagram
      • An H-R Diagram for the Nearest Stars
      • Calculating Distances from Parallax Angles
      • Conclusion
      • Extending the H-R Diagram to More Stars
      • H-R Diagram of a Globular Cluster
      • Hipparcos Satellite Data
      • Making an H-R Diagram
      • Searching for Data
  • Expedition to the Solar System
    • Mapping the Solar System
      • Conclusion
      • Earth, Sun, and Seasons
      • Graphing Your Data to Make a Map
      • Mapping the Solar System
      • Maps and Globes
      • Planets
      • Solar System: Coordinates
      • Solar System: Earth Coordinates
      • Solar System: RA and Dec
      • Solar System: Sky Coordinates
      • Solar Systems: Asteroids
      • The Planets on September 22nd, 2006
      • The Seasons
      • The Shape of the Solar System
      • The Sun's Perspective
• Explore Tool Test
• For Educators
  • Activity Descriptions
    • Teacher Lesson Contributions
  • For Educators: What is SDSS Voyages?
    • Graphing and Analyzing Data
      • Changing the Scale of a Graph
      • Copying Object IDs into Excel
      • Creating a Graph
      • Creating a New Column from a Calculation
      • Enter Data in an Excel Chart
      • Fitting a Curve to Data
      • How to open a .csv file
      • Selecting Data to Graph
    • SDSS Plates for Education
      • Plate Resources
    • SDSS Spectroscopic Plate Page
    • Teacher Guides
      • "For Kids" Guides
        • SDSS Scavenger Hunt Teacher Notes
      • Advanced Project Guides
        • Color Teacher Notes
          • Correlations
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
      • Basic Project Guides
      • Research Challenge Guides
        • HII Regions Teacher Notes
          • Correlations
          • Guide to Specific Sections
      • Teacher Guides: Expeditions
        • Colors of Stars Teacher Notes
          • Correlations
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Galaxy Properties Teacher Notes
          • Standards
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • H-R Diagram Teacher Notes
          • Correlations
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Hubble Diagram Teacher Notes
          • Standards
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Mapping the Solar System Teacher Notes
          • Assessment
          • Background
          • Lesson Plan
          • Overview
          • Standards
          • Teaching Tips
        • Quasars Teacher Notes
          • Standards
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Sky Surveys Teacher Notes
          • Standards
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Spectral Types Teacher Notes
          • Correlations
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • The Universe Teacher Notes
          • Assessment
          • Background
          • Lesson Plan
          • Overview
          • Standards
          • Teaching Tips
      • Teacher Guides: Launch
        • Asteroids Teacher Notes
          • Standards
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Galaxies Teacher Notes
          • Correlations
          • Teacher's Guide to Specific Sections
        • Old Time Astronomy Teacher Notes
        • Scavenger Hunt Teacher Notes
          • Assessment
          • Background
          • Lesson Plan
          • Overview
          • Standards
          • Teaching Tips
        • SDSS Constellations Teacher Notes
          • Assessment
          • Background
          • Lesson Plan
          • Overview
          • Standards
          • Teaching Tips
        • Types of Stars Teacher Notes
          • Assessment
          • Background
          • Lesson Plan
          • Overview
          • Standards
      • Teacher Guides: Preflight
  • Plan Your Voyage
• Galaxy Color Test
• Hands-On Activities
  • Accessibility Resources
  • Galaxy Shapes
    • Introducing Edwin Hubble Galaxy Classification
  • Plates for Education
• Help
  • About Astronomy
    • Cosmic Structures
    • Galaxies and Quasars
    • Mapping the Sky
    • Modern Cosmology
    • Stars and Nebulae
    • The Expanding Universe
  • Contact Page
  • Explore - Main Window
    • Explore - Sidebar
      • Search By
    • Flags
      • Flags - Deblending and Children
    • PhotoObj
  • Graphing and Analyzing Data
  • Quick Look
    • Quick Look - Sidebar
  • SAS
    • SAS Interactive Spectrum Tool
  • Sitemap
  • SkyServer Navigate
    • Advanced Option - Bounding Boxes
    • Advanced Options - Masks
    • Advanced Options - Outlines
    • Advanced Options - Plates
    • Drawing Options - Grid
    • Drawing Options - Invert Image
    • Drawing Options - Label
    • Drawing Options - Objects With Spectra
    • Drawing Options - Photometric Objects
    • Fields
• Home
• Jupyter Notebook Test
• Launch
  • Cosmos
    • Color Magnitude Diagram (Galaxy Zoo activity)
    • Galaxies
      • Classifying Galaxies
      • Conclusion
      • Elliptical Galaxies
      • Galaxy Clusters
      • Galaxy Collisions
      • Irregular Galaxies
      • Lenticular Galaxies
      • Other Ways to Classify Galaxies
      • Spiral Galaxies
      • The Hubble Tuning Fork
    • Redshift
  • Launch into the SDSS
    • My Special Place
    • Old Time Astronomy
      • Astronomy Drawing
      • Compare Your Drawings
      • Conclusion
      • Drawing Tips
      • Get Your Object
      • Guess the Place!
      • Hello from the Netherlands!
      • Object #1
      • Object #10
      • Object #11
      • Object #12
      • Object #2
      • Object #3
      • Object #4
      • Object #5
      • Object #6
      • Object #7
      • Object #8
      • Object #9
      • Sketch Gallery
      • Sketch Gallery
    • Scavenger Hunt
      • Colors of Objects
      • Spectra
      • The Explore Tool
      • The Scavenger Hunt
      • Types of Objects (Part 1)
      • Types of Objects (Part 2)
    • What is the SkyServer
  • Milky Way
    • Constellations
    • SDSS constellations
      • A Simple Made-Up Constellation
      • A SkyServer Example
      • Compare Shapes
      • Constellations in SkyServer
      • Discovering constellations using SDSS APOGEE plates
      • Discovering constellations using SDSS plates
      • Discovering new constellations in SDSS images
      • Find Constellations
      • Orion
      • Other Constellations
      • Other Shapes in Orion
      • Stars in Orion
      • Your Constellations
      • Your Constellations
      • Your Constellations
    • Star Color
    • Stellar Spectra
    • Types of Stars
      • Absorption and Emission Lines (Part 1)
      • Absorption and Emission Lines (Part 2)
      • Classifying by Line Strength
      • Classifying by Temperature
      • Exploring Spectra
      • Research Challenges
      • Spectra of Stars
      • Temperature and Line Strength
      • Understanding Stars
  • Solar System
    • Asteroids
      • Asteroid Hunt!
      • Find Those Asteroids!
      • How to Find Asteroids (Part 1)
      • How to Find Asteroids (Part 2)
      • Moving Objects
• Launch Activity Descriptions
• Photometric Information
• Plate Finder
• Preflight
  • Capturing & Recording Light
    • SDSS Instruments
    • SDSS Telescope
    • Types of Data
  • Light
    • Filters
    • Magnitude
    • Redshift
    • Spectra
  • Locating Objects
    • Artifacts
    • Asteroids
    • RA & Dec
    • SQL
  • SDSS Plates
• Preflight Activity Description
• Python Web Test
• Searching SAS RA and Dec
• SkyServer
  • Advanced Projects
    • Color
      • A Color-Color Diagram for SDSS Stars
      • Color and Amounts of Light
      • Color and Temperature
      • Color in Astronomy Research
      • Color-Color Diagrams
      • Colors of Other Objects
      • Colors of Stars in the SDSS
      • Light from Stars
      • Making a Color-Color Diagram
      • SDSS Filters
      • Spectra
      • Temperature and Peak Wavelength
      • The Definition of Color in Astronomy
      • Thermal Radiation Curves
      • What is Color?
  • Basic Projects
  • Extras
    • Calculating the Radius of a Star
    • Did you Know? History of the Magnitude Scale
    • Did You Know? Light from Stars
    • Did You Know? SDSS Filters
    • Did You Know? Temperature and Peak Wavelength
    • Example 1
    • Example 2
    • Getting Started with Navigate
    • Scavenger Hunt List
    • Solar System Search Form
    • Spectra of Seven Stars
    • Try This! The Definition of Color in Astronomy
    • Try This! The Visible Spectrum
    • Using the Radial Search Tool
    • Using the SQL Search Tool
  • Games and Contests
    • Constellation Game
      • An Example
      • An Example Constellation in the SDSS Data
      • Other Constellations
      • Other Shapes in Orion
      • Your Constellations
      • Your Constellations
      • Your Constellations
      • Your Constellations
      • Your Constellations in the SDSS Data
  • Projects for Kids
    • SDSS Scavenger Hunt
      • Colors of Objects
      • Data from the Navigation Tool
      • The Scavenger Hunt
      • Types of Objects
      • Types of Objects
      • Using the Navigation Tool
  • SkyServer Research Challenges
    • Classifying Small Galaxies
    • Galaxy color
    • HII Regions
      • Characteristics
      • Identifying HII Regions
      • Writing a Query
      • Your Catalogs
    • Map the Universe
    • Quasar Spectra
• SQL Search Plugin Only
• SQLSearchWP Test
• SQLSearchWP-Bonnie Test
• SQLSearchWP-Casjobs Test
• Tools
• Voyages Image List Test
• Wide Field Constellation Collection